According to a 13-year period research of a crop rotation system in Iowa, crop rotation reduces erosion by almost 90 percent compared to traditional maize and soy monoculture farming. Soil degradation examples include a decline in soil fertility, adverse changes in alkalinity, acidity or salinity, extreme flooding, use of toxic soil pollutants, erosion, and deterioration of the soil’s structural condition. The aim of carbon farming is to increase the rate at which carbon is sequestered into soil and plant material with the goal of creating a net loss of carbon from the atmosphere. Without plant cover, erosion can occur and sweep the land into rivers. The best proxy – and the metric that Daniel Evans and his colleagues used – was net erosion rates of the crucial topsoil layer, the topmost layer that is around 30 centimeters thick [in reality, this thickness varies from soil to soil, but 0.3m is the most commonly adopted figure for this upper productive layer]. Because tree roots hold the soil together and retain water in an ecosystem, habitat can be destroyed by deforestation and the subsequent cycle of erosion set in motion. While soil erosion wreaks a havoc on intensively-cultivated farmlands, rotation planting helps to prevent all these negative impacts. Causes of Deforestation Deforestation by activities such as unsustainable logging, ranching and mining can lead to fast and widespread erosion of rain forest soils. Carbon farming is a name for a variety of agricultural methods aimed at sequestering atmospheric carbon into the soil and in crop roots, wood and leaves. The agricultural plants that often replace the trees cannot hold onto the soil and many of these plants, such as coffee, cotton, palm oil, soybean and wheat, can actually worsen soil erosion. These elements contribute to a significant amount of soil quality depreciation annually.
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