We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. at 425 (holding that “a … In its previous decision (rendered on August 23, 2017), the panel had also upheld Martoma’s convictions. Martoma. 14 tháng 6, 1946 (74 tuổi) Queens, Thành phố New York, Hoa Kỳ: Đảng chính trị: Đảng Cộng hoà (1987–99, 2009–2011, 2012–nay): Đảng khác § 240.10b-5. (10th Cir. Owens v. Baltimore City State’s Attorneys Office, 767 F.3d 379, 388 (4th Cir. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. 2009). La evolución biológica es el conjunto de cambios en caracteres fenotípicos y genéticos de poblaciones biológicas a través de generaciones. Id. J - MURDOCK_19 (TRANSMIT) (DO NOT DELETE) 8/7/2019 6:40 PM August 2019] THE FUTURE OF INSIDER TRADING 1549 INTRODUCTION The recent U.S. Supreme Court decision, Salman v. United States,1 generated headlines like “Supreme Court Sides with Prosecutors”2 and “Supreme Court Sets Tough Insider Trading Rule,”3 suggesting that Salman provided a substantial boost for the government … no. | Argued Oct. 5, 2016. Unless a statute is divisible, i.e., defines multiple offenses some of which would qualify as crimes of violence and some of which would not, we "focus on the generic elements of the offense and not on the specific facts underlying [the defendant's] conviction." i QUESTION PRESENTED Does the personal benefit to the insider that is necessary to establish insider trading under Dirks v. SEC, 463 U.S. 646 (1983), require proof of “an exchange that is objective, consequential, and BASSAM YACOUB SALMAN, Petitioner, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ... United States v. Newman, No. In supplemental briefing, Martoma argues that his conviction should still be reversed under 1 Between 1979 and 2005, the annual number of hospital discharges with stroke as the diagnosis was ≈900 000. issue also contains Maria Babajanian’s Comment that considers the Second Circuit’s decision in United States v. Newman, 773 F.3d 438 (2d Cir. Westover v United States, 342 F2d 684 (CA 9, 1965), United States, 137 S. Ct. 420 (2016). “Our jurisdiction is typically limited to final decisions of the district court.” United States v. Romero-Ochoa, 554 F.3d 833, 835 (9th Cir. ADVOCATES: United States v. Martoma, 894 F.3d 64 (2d Cir. 18–726, Lamone et al. A person who provides material, nonpublic information to another who trades is a “tipper” and the recipient of that material, nonpublic information who then trades is a “tippee”. That’s why we have developed 5 beneficial guarantees that will make your experience with our service enjoyable, easy, and safe. The issue on appeal is whether Plaintiffs have shown an injury-in-fact. 2015), aff’d, 137 S. Ct. 420 (2016). 2017) (amended Jun. 18-56455 . Professor Director of John Adams Center History ... 1 137 S. Ct. 420 (2016). Who We Are. Plaintiffs have not been charged with violating § 2917.21(B)(2) and instead seek injunctive making the tipper’s specific purpose to confer a benefit on the tippee sufficient and potentially dispositive. 137 S. Ct. 420 (2016). Dr. Gilman, the main tipper, was being paid considerable consulting fees Salman clarified the requirements for a “personal benefit” in insider trading cases, and the Martoma appeal will be watched closely to determine how the lower courts will interpret the Salman opinion. Salman, 16. and . It is irrelevant because O’Hagan definitively rebuts Respondents’ position that Troice establishes some ironclad legal rule that SLUSA can never apply when the fraudster is the one that trades. United States v. Newman, 773 F.3d 438 (2d Cir. Necessary Cookies. 18. to address the scope of liability associated with a tip of material nonpublic information. 1367 (2012) Sackett v. Spindler. 6 6. This describes us perfectly. United States, 137 S. Ct. 420, 421 (2016). United States v. Salman, 792 F.3d 1087 (9th Cir. He is the author of Colombia and the United States: The Making of an Inter-American Alliance, 1939-1960 (2008). _____ On Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit _____ BRIEF AMICUS CURIAE OF PACIFIC LEGAL FOUNDATION , 2014), abrogated on other grounds by Salman v. United States, 137 S. Ct. 420 (2016). Turkey's support for Northern Cyprus in the Cyprus dispute complicates Turkey's relations with the EU and remains a major stumbling block to the country's EU accession bid. Martoma. IH1. On June 25, 2018, a divided panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit reaffirmed the insider trading conviction of a hedge fund portfolio manager in United States v.Martoma [] on different grounds from its previous decision. Second, the Supreme Court’s recent decision in Salman v. United States—rejecting the “pecuniary or similarly valuable nature” exchange requirement from the Dirks personal gain test—impacts the ... 137 S. Ct. 420 (2016). Salman v. United States, 137 S. Ct. 420, 423 (2016); 15 U.S.C. 435 (1967) Sack v. Lawton. Supreme Court’s decision in . Although Newman’s holding has been substantially overruled by the Supreme Court, (see Salman v. United States, 137 S.Ct. PRIVATE ENTERPRISE NUMBERS (last updated 2021-05-24) SMI Network Management Private Enterprise Codes: Prefix: iso.org.dod.internet.private.enterprise (1.3.6.1.4.1) This file is ht Id. 18. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321 . United States v. Newman. And as financial activists, we are well aware of the impact that the Court’s decision in this matter will have on the financial secu- Amendment because American Samoa is “in the United States.” The court’s holding is contrary to the D.C. Circuit’s holding on this precise question, Tuaua v. United States, 788 F.3d 300 (D.C. Cir. This describes us perfectly. the Supreme Court reaffirmed its longstanding “personal benefit” test for “tippee” liability — tippees being traders acting on disclosures of material nonpublic information made by insiders. But, following Salman, in United States v. of Trustees of the Nat’l Elevator Industry Health Benefit Plan Password requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; Argued October 5, 2016—Decided March 21, 2017 Thus, the Court found that Salman’s knowledge of Maher’s potential for personal benefit from the tip supported his conviction for insider trading. Readers are requested to notify the Reporter of Decisions, Supreme Court of the United States, Washington, D. C. 20543, of any typographical or other formal errors, in order that corrections may be made before the preliminary print goes to press. 15-137 (U.S. Oct. 5, 2015). In Salman v. United States, the Supreme Court held that a tipper receives a personal benefit sufficient to establish illegal insider trading when the tipper makes a gift of confidential information to a trading relative or friend. 2014). See. [1] Dicho proceso ha originado la diversidad de formas de vida que existen sobre la Tierra a partir de un antepasado común. Another is the Second Circuit’s Martoma conclusion that the government may satisfy the personal benefit element with proof that an insider intended to benefit a … 3 137 S. Ct. 420 (2016). 541 U.S. 600 (2004) Sackett v. EPA. 137 S. Ct. 420 (2016). 862, 867 (6th Cir. B. Sabina Ibrahimova. This Court’s partisan gerry-mandering cases have left unresolved the question whether such claims are claims of legal right, resolvable according to legal princi-—————— *Together with No. Dirks v. SEC. at 428. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co.,200 U. S. 321. of Elections, 137 S. Ct. 788 (2017). 2014). Newman, 773 F.3d 438 (2d Cir. This “tipping trio” provides an example of the uncertainty associated with judge-made law. View Salman Case Brief.docx from LAW MISC at University Of Georgia. Between 2007 and 2012, he served as command historian at U.S. Southern Command, the U.S. Department of Defense headquarters for U.S. forces in Latin America and the Caribbean. Notably, Salman did not expressly overrule Newman’s meaningfully-close-personal-relationship gloss on the personal benefit test. 492 U.S. 115 (1989) Sabo v. Horvath. GLH5-83WC: Salman v. United States, 137 S. Ct. 420 (2016) Item Preview Opinion for Salman v. United States, 137 S. Ct. 420, 196 L. Ed. Rptr. Numerous high-profile individuals were infected, including President Donald Trump, who was hospitalized for three days. 1354 (2004), decided subsequent to the filing of defendant's brief, the United State's Supreme Court overruled Ohio v. Roberts , 448 U.S. 56 (1980) and supplanted its "indicia of reliability" analysis with a new test which looks to the nature of the statement at issue. arkadaşım şu tepede, az kişinin bildiği muhteşem kitaplar diyor, sen buraya oblomov gibi klasikleri yazıyorsun. : 15-628 DECIDED BY: Roberts Court (2016- ) LOWER COURT: United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. TEXTBOOK Malcolm Shaw International Law 8th edn. United States v. Newman, 773 F.3d 438, 452 (2d Cir. Narendra Damodardas Modi (/ n ə ˈ r eɪ n d r ə ˈ d ɑː m oʊ d ər d ɑː s ˈ m oʊ d i / nə-RAIN-drə DAH-moh-dər-dahss MO-dee ; born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician serving as the 14th and current prime minister of India since 2014. 56 Cal. Osteoporosis, the most common metabolic bone disease, results in generalized loss of bone mass and deterioration in the bone microarchitecture. Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) are calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CAMK)-like (CAMKL) family members implicated in insulin signal transduction, metabolic regulation, inflammatory response, and other processes. 2 Id. at 427–28. Salman made over $1.5 million in profits using the inside information. A jury in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California convicted Salman of securities fraud. The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed. The United States Supreme Court granted certiorari. See United States v. McPhail, 831 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. jury's verdict, "reserving the detailed treatment of some points for later in this opinion.” McPhail, 831 F.3d at 3. Table of Authorities for Salman v. United States, 137 S. Ct. 420, 196 L. Ed. The motion argued that, because of … at *2 (citing Scripps , 420 F.3d at 597), Martoma, there was separate evidence of a pecuniary motivation for the tips. ___-_____ IN THE Supreme Court of the United States MURRAY ENERGY CORPORATION, PEABODY ENERGY CORPORATION,ET AL., Applicants, v. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY andREGINA A. MCCARTHY,Administrator, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Respondents. In 2016, in Salman v. United States, 13 the Supreme Court rejected Newman’s requirement of proof of potential pecuniary gain in the context of gifts of information to trading relatives or friends, ... Salman v. United States, 137 S. Ct. 420 (2016). 16. Get Salman v. United States, 137 S. Ct. 420 (2016), United States Supreme Court, case facts, key issues, and holdings and reasonings online today. 18. to address the scope of liability associated with a tip of material nonpublic information. [155] The other defining aspect of Turkey's foreign policy was the country's long-standing strategic alliance with the United States. Question: Write A Short Memorandum 1. 420 (2016) is already having an effect on the appeals arising out of the insider trading convictions in the Southern District of New York.Shortly after Salman, the Second Circuit asked the parties in the insider trading case of United States v.Martoma to submit supplemental briefing discussing the decision’s impact. Written and curated by … The White House COVID-19 outbreak was a cluster of SARS-CoV-2 infections that began in September 2020 and ended in January 2021 that spread among people, including many U.S. government officials, who were in close contact during the COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C. Search U.S. Supreme Court Cases By Year 2016. In its filings, the government conceded that … On January 11, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals denied the appeal of Rajat Gupta, who was seeking to undo his insider trading conviction. Salman v. United States, 580 U.S. ___ (2016), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that gifts of confidential information without any compensation to relatives for the purposes of insider trading are a violation of securities laws. The Court relied on its decision in Dirks v. The Court relied on its decision in Dirks v. Securities and Exchange Commission, 463 U.S. 646 (1983), which held that "that a tippee is exposed to liability for trading on inside information only if the tippee participates in a breach of the tipper's fiduciary duty." 2005). overruled Newman’s pecuniary-gain requirement, holding it “inconsistent with Dirks.” 19× 19. 15–628. Here, Defendants claim that the district court erred by not instructing the jury that Dirks’s personal-benefit test also applied to the wire fraud and Title 18 securities fraud counts. 8 531 U.S. 12 (2000). PETITIONER:Bassam Yacoub Salman. See SEC v. This Court has long held that tipping or trading on tipped information does not constitute fraud at all unless the 17 —apply the Supreme Court’s 1984 decision in . 2014) (citation omitted). 6 484 U.S. 171 (1987). 20. 2014).In Newman, the Second Circuit overturned the conviction of two portfolio managers who were charged as part of a tipping ring.The Second Circuit vacated the defendants’ convictions, holding that there must be proof that the tippee was aware of the personal benefit received by the tipper in exchange for divulging material, nonpublic … Make sure that this guarantee is … Argued October 5, 2016—Decided December 6, 2016 Bray and 1 We have previously dealt with two criminal insider trading actions involving individuals belonging to the same country club. United States v. Harrison, 809 F.3d 420, 425 (8th Cir. On June 25, 2018, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit revisited its August 2017 insider trading decision in United States v. Martoma,[1] amending its … We hold that the logic of Salman abrogated Newman's “meaningfully close personal relationship” requirement and that the district court's jury instruction was not obviously erroneous. in the united states court of appeals . at 664 (emphasis added). Part of Newman’s. A. No. Dirks. In . 15–628. An initial round of briefing focused in large part on whether Martoma’s conviction could stand in light of this passage from Newman. 2d 351, 2016 U.S. LEXIS 7418 with Salman v. United States, 137 S. Ct. 420 (2016) (affirming conviction where tipper gifted confidential information to a trading relative). Money-back guarantee. The panel’s prior decision had held that that the Supreme Court’s decision in Salman v. United States, 137 S. Ct. 420 (2016) abrogated the Second Circuit’s decision in United States v. Newman, 773 F.3d 438 (2d Cir. Relevant Case Law: United States v. Miller, 425 U.S. 435, 443–44 (1976) – the Supreme Court reiterated that the “Fourth Amendment does not prohibit the obtaining of information revealed to a third party.” United States v. This “tipping trio” provides an example of the uncertainty associated with judge-made law. Salman v. United States, 137 S.Ct. court-martial on October 24, Appellant’s counsel in district court filed a motion on November 10 to dismiss Count One or bar sentencing on it. Make sure that this guarantee is … The [1] Dicho proceso ha originado la diversidad de formas de vida que existen sobre la Tierra a partir de un antepasado común. 15-628 Argued: October 5, 2016 Decided: December 6, 2016. That’s why we have developed 5 beneficial guarantees that will make your experience with our service enjoyable, easy, and safe. 2016); United States v. 5 See United States v. Newman, 773 F.3d 438, 447-49 (2d Cir. Money-back guarantee. personal advantage." United States, No. That case remains pending. at 428. v. Newman3 that a personal benefit can be found only 2016). Syllabus. In Voisine, the Supreme Court considered … The United States Supreme Court affirmed this Court’s decision regarding one district, but remanded for reconsideration of the question whether race was used as the predominant factor in drawing the 11 remaining districts. The Supreme Court obliged and remanded in January 2021 (see Olan v. United States, 2021 U.S. LEXIS 93 (Jan. 11, 2021)). The FBI and United States Department of Justice also stated, in 2004, that Hamas threatened the United States through covert cells on U.S. soil. Expatica is the international community’s online home away from home. This approach avoids the muddy territory recently laid out in the Newman case in the Second Circuit and the Salman case in the Supreme Court. 2015), abrogated by Beckles v. United States, 137 S. Ct. 886 (2017). Ultimately, the court attempted to marry Salman and Newman with a slightly more nuanced version of the personal benefit test, which it said could be satisfied in one of two ways: (1) ... 137 S. Ct. 420 (2016). ANSWERING QUESTIONS THAT REMAIN AFTER SALMAN..... 444. 17. 132 S.Ct. v. Benisek et al., on appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Maryland. Browse our listings to find jobs in Germany for expats, including jobs for English speakers or those in your native language. 14–9496. 25, 2018). at 428. No. Salman, 16. and . 2014), analyzing tippee liability for alleged insider trading. Dirks v. SEC. 894 F.3d 64 (2d Cir. Turkey's support for Northern Cyprus in the Cyprus dispute complicates Turkey's relations with the EU and remains a major stumbling block to the country's EU accession bid. SALMAN v. UNITED STATES. SALMAN v.UNITED STATES(2016) No. Supreme Court of the United States _____ RETIREMENT PLANS COMMITTEE OF IBM, ET AL., Petitioners, v. LARRY W. JANDER, ET AL., ... Salman v. U.S., 137 S. Ct. 420 (2016). United States. 17. Newman was called into question by the Supreme Court in Salman, 137 S. Ct. at 428, which reiterated the test from Dirks. See Bethune-Hill v. Va. State Bd. 5 Id. 2014), abrogated by Salman v. United States, 137 S. Ct. 420 (2016). A must-read for English-speaking expatriates and internationals across Europe, Expatica provides a tailored local news service and essential information on living, working, and moving to your country of choice. 6 Id. Here, we focused on SIK2, which is a target of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pan inhibitor N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-(6-(4-(2 … millet dayısının, amcasının, mahallesindeki apaçi ergenin bilmediği kitapları "az kişinin bildiği kitap" olarak telakki etmiş. oldu olacak suç ve ceza yaz tam olsun. Id. denied, 136 S. Ct. 2461 (2016), to the holding of In response, the Supreme Court in Salman v. United States 18× 18. Download PDF Last Term, in Salman v. United States, 5 5. §§ 78j(b), 78ff(a); 17 C.F.R. United States v Warren, 642 F3d 182 (CA 3, 2011)..... passim . After a second trial, and upon our United States v. Norwood, 420 F.3d 888 (8th Cir. The District Court found the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit’s “rationale in Scripps [to be] persuasive[,]” id. The ... Salman v. United States, 137 S. Ct. 420 (2016 Id. Supreme Court of the United States Bassam Yacoub SALMAN, Petitioner v. UNITED STATES. 559 P.2d 1038 (Alaska 1976) Sabri v. United States. Salman v. United States, 137 S. Ct. 420, 427 (2016); Carpenter v. United States, 484 U.S. 19, 27-28 (1987); Dirks, 463 U.S. at 662 and that the texts of Title 18 and Title 15 proscribe “fraud” in virtually identical terms. 20-306 (U.S. 2020) Chapter 6. CITATION: US GRANTED: Jan 19, 2016 ARGUED: Oct 05, 2016 DECIDED: Dec 06, 2016. 17 —apply the Supreme Court’s 1984 decision in . Less than 24 hours after this Court issued a stay of a decision invaliding North Carolina’s congressional districting map, the Middle District of North Carolina was at it again. 2015), cert. 2016) (quoting Lujan, 504 U.S. at 560–61), cert. 7 Id. Warren v United States, 564 US 1012; 131 S Ct 3012; 180 L Ed 2d 836 (2011) ..... 36 . TO THE HONORABLE JOHN G. ROBERTS, JR., CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE UNITED STATES AND CIRCUIT JUSTICE FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT: This is a case of déjà vu all over again. COAL INDUSTRY APPLICATION FOR IMMEDIATE … Salman was charged with conspiracy to commit securities fraud and insider trading in 2011 and found guilty. He applied for a new trial, but his request was denied. He then appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and argued there was insufficient evidence that he knew the information used for trades was from insider information. David I. Miller and Nathan J. Hochman, Putting the Brakes on Newman: 3 Recent Rakoff Decisions, Law 360 (July 30, 2015) This analysis is particularly important as the Supreme Court decides Salman v. United States, 136 S. Ct. 899 (2016). You have to be 100% sure of the quality of your product to give a money-back guarantee. To survive a motion to dismiss, the complaint must state a “plausible claim for relief” that “permit[s] the court to infer more than the mere possibility of misconduct.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 679 (2009). Newman ’s requirement was abrogated by the Supreme Court’s decisionin . for the ninth circuit . Analytical cookies help us improve our website by providing insight on how visitors interact with our site, and necessary cookies which the website needs to function properly. You have to be 100% sure of the quality of your product to give a money-back guarantee. certiorari to the united states court of appeals for the seventh circuit. Syllabus. The Court held that a gift of trading information to a trading relative or friend satisfies the personal-benefit requirement because it is the “same thing as trading by the tipper followed by a gift of the proceeds.” | Decided Dec. 6, 2016. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Out of the chaos and mayhem of the tenth and eleventh centuries, East Francia—the eastern third of Charlemagne’s Empire that is in roughly the same place as modern Germany—and England had emerged as united and powerful states. To support this argument, the government points to the Supreme Court’s decision in Voisine v. United States, 136 S. Ct. 2272 (2016), and our subsequent decision in United States v. Fogg, 836 F.3d 951 (8th Cir. NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the preliminary print of the United States Reports. 4 Dirks v. SEC, 463 US 646 (1983). DOCKET NO. A lot of ink has been spilt on the United States Supreme Court’s decision in Salman v.United States, 137 S. Ct. 420 (2016).In that case, the Supreme Court … United States Supreme Court. MANUEL v. CITY OF JOLIET, ILLINOIS, et al. This describes us perfectly. Supreme Court issued a decision in Salman v. United States, 137 S. Ct. 420 (2016), which rejected certain aspects of Newman’s holding. in Salman v. United States, which addresses the “personal benefit” that a tipper must receive in an insider trading case.. (And speaking of recent cert. What Kind ofRelationship Must a Tipper and Tippee ... 2016, the Supreme Court of the United States … In 2007, the overall mortality rate from stroke was 273 000, which makes stroke the third-leading cause of death in the United States. 2005). Sable Communications of California, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commn. “In criminal cases, this prohibits appellate review until after conviction and imposition of sentence.” Midland Asphalt Corp. v. United States, 489 U.S… in re: any and all funds held in republic bank of arizona accounts xxxx1889, xxxx2592, xxxx1938, xxxx2912, and Salman in turn committed insider trading because he knew that the information had been improperly given in the first place, and that Maher stood to benefit from its disclosure. United States v. Newman: The Second Circuit Decides ... C Salman v. United States: The Supreme Court Reaffirms Dirks ..... 442. 420 (2016) Bassam Yacoub SALMAN, Petitioner v. 3 —which held that a “personal benefit” could not be inferred absent proof of a “meaningfully close relationshipbetween the tipper and ” tippee—the Second Circuit held that . RESPONDENT:United StatesLOCATION: The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Court. at 28. Washington, D.C. 20062 (202) 463-5337 Counsel for Amicus Curiae Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America IRA D. HAMMERMAN KEVIN CARROLL SECURITIES INDUSTRY & FINANCIAL MARKETS AS- SOCIATION STEVEN P. LEHOTSKY U.S. CHAMBER LITIGA- TION CENTER 1615 H Street, N.W. Metabolic bone diseases are a diverse group of diseases that result in abnormalities of (a) bone mass, (b) structure mineral homeostasis, (c) bone turnover, or (d) growth. Welcome to FindLaw's searchable database of U.S. Supreme Court decisions since 1760. ___ WILSON-EPES PRINTING CO., INC.. – (202) 789-0096 – WASHINGTON, D. C. 20002 IN THE Supreme Court of the United States ———— TOSHIBA CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRIES PENSION TRUST FUND; NEW ENGLAND TEAMSTERS & TRUCKING INDUSTRY PENSION FUND, Respondents. 2020] WATCHING INSIDER TRADING LAW WOBBLE. See, e.g., Salman v. United States, 137 S. Ct. 420, 424 (2016) (tippee was tipper’s brother-in-law). SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Securities and Exchange Commission's Rule 10b-5 prohibit undisclosed trading on inside corporate information by persons bound by a duty of trust and confidence not to exploit that information for their … certiorari to the united states court of appeals for the ninth circuit. Newman, 773 F.3d 438, 447–49 (2d Cir. 420 (2016). Second Circuit’s decision in . The presidency of Donald Trump began at noon EST (17:00 UTC) on January 20, 2017, when Donald Trump was inaugurated as the 45th president of the United States, and ended on January 20, 2021.Trump, a Republican originally from New York City, took office following his surprise Electoral College victory over Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election, in which he …
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