Hence the statement x=±k indicates that x=−k or x=k. The output of the square root extractor is again a 4-20 mA signal. P811151 Louis H. Fricke, Jr., Primary Examiner john s. Heyman o O ouls Assistant Examiner-Harold A. Dixon [73] Assignee: Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Mo. Be sure to simplify all radical expressions and rationalize the denominator if necessary. Electronic circuitry defined in claim which further includes: a. low pass filter means connected to receive a process variable input signal and removing noise therefrom, b. isolation amplifying means interconnecting the output of said low pass filter means to said input terminal of said first amplifying means for presenting a desired high impedance load to the source of said process variable input signal, and. Thus, the product of the exponential voltage gain characteristic of the nonlinear amplifier stage and the parabolic output signal versus process flow rate characteristic of the D/P transducer is approximately a linear voltage variation which is used to linearly control a flow controller. The sharp comers of this voltage gain characteristic are the result of the well known current-voltage characteristics of a diode, which diode typically has a threshold or offset voltage in the order of 0.7 volts. The length of a rectangle is 6 times its width. For a process variable input voltage of 5 volts, then the output voltage V,,,,, must equal 5 volts. 0000006019 00000 n The exact reason for this offset voltage will be described in more detail hereinafter. Another object of this invention is to provide a new and improved solid-state square root extractor circuit utilizing a novel combination of integrated and discrete semiconductor circuitry in a relatively low cost and highly reliable electronic circuit. DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART Various types of square root extractor circuits are known in the process control art, and one type of known square root extractor stage includes a plurality of silicon carbide discs which are connected to the input of an operational amplifier. Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel square root extractor circuit having a smooth, exponentially shaped voltage gain characteristic. Temperature compensating diodes 160 and 162 are also connected to the base of NPN transistor 146, and in a similar manner, temperature compensating diodes 164, 166 and temperature compensating diodes 168, 170 are connected, respectively, to the bases of NPN transistors 148 and 150. 2 and 3, respectively. A desired process control output voltage, which is typically in the l-5 volt range, may be derived at the output voltage node 58 as will be further described in the below description of circuit operation. 0000002377 00000 n 0000001375 00000 n collector current vs. collector-to-emitter voltage characteristic, the use of transistors instead of diodes in the front end" of an operational amplifier eliminated the sharp comers of the extractor's voltage gain characteristic. Several methods are used in the construction of square root extractors. 7. These electroresponsive devices are successively biased into conduction in response to an increasing level of the input signal applied to the nonlinear amplifier, so that the amplifier has a smooth, exponentially shaped voltage gain characteristic which approximates the square root function. Convert sqrt extraction 4-20mA signal to any linear measurement The diagonal of a square measures 3 inches. To sign up for alerts, please log in first. This error signal is in turn utilized to drive a final control element, such as for example a current-pressure (I/P) transducer. India, © Pantech Instruments. ..G06g 7/12 to the quare of the flow rate of {he progess being comrollgd Field Search 307/ The square root extractor circuit includes a nonlinear amplifi- 307/230; 235/1935 er having a nonlinear feedback network therein including a plurality of parallel connected electroresponsive devices. A square root extractor circuit adapted for operation in a process control loop wherein a differential pressure transducer generates a process variable input signal which is proportional to the square of the flow rate of the process being controlled, said square root extractor including, in combination: a. amplifying means having input and output terminals and operative to receive said process variable input signal, b. nonlinear feedback means between said output and input terminals of said amplifying means including a plurality of transistors connected, respectively, in a plurality of parallel feedback paths for providing a feedback current which increases parabolically as a function of the input signal applied to said input terminal of said amplifying means, and. 2 is a functional block diagram of the square root extractor according to the present invention; and. ~P�!e�����G�ju�9�GM19ނ�5TxC}0��5��—���RP��V*�Q���{�δm�� ��J�R��Ry��Ʋ���R���*�\v0�Fw�H9��3h�>�������[��ΰE0�o��g�������c��kw�0�FDwnBr�e0�/�=��F#�v!j �R���$"e ��~�ay�p���b>�0���?_DM�жHJe1����5�}D��fI\^�'ƚ&J�L'(��OFh�Qa5$��?A�,��\�ȷGXՅmF'a����\m�k`����������R��u���ak�5�4�eaǞzz���! Generally, the check is optional. root extractor stage is best for precise linear control of the main flow controller. 1 is a simplified functional block diagram of a process control loop in which the square root extractor according to the present invention is utilized; FIG. But it has been found that the use of a single potentiometer 181 in the emitter path of NPN transistor 148 will provide a variation in the smooth exponential shape of the voltage gain characteristic of the nonlinear amplifier circuit 17 which is sufficient to match the parabolic variation of the process variable input signal with changes in the process flow rate. 0000022858 00000 n 0000001573 00000 n How long will it take to reach half of the distance to the ground, 72 feet? 0000001644 00000 n This transducer actuates a pneumatic valve which in turn operates to control the process flow rate. Find the number. A nonlinear feedback network 40 is connected directly between the output node 103 of the operational amplifier 36 and the input summing node 34. The length of a rectangle is twice its width. The resistor 82 and tapped resistor 84 are connected in series between the power supply terminal 88 and the input summing node 34, and the tapped resistor 84 permits a first variable DC offset voltage to be summed with the analog input signal voltage at node 34. This parabolic increase in amplifier feedback current is caused by the fact that the transistors 144, 146, 148, 150, 152 and 154 are successively biased into conduction at selected levels of the input sum (V,, unset, applied to amplifier 17. The output of the D/P cell acts on a pressure to milliamp transducer, which transmits a variable 4-20 ma signal. SQR2000-750 Square Root Extractor The SQR2000-750 Square Root Extractor replaces the obsolete Bailey Type 750 square root extractor while retaining the functions of the Bailey module, and is available in a Nuclear Qualified model. 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