Aluminium concentration is usually lower than 200 mg/l in drinking water. Bacteria are easily killed by adding chlorine. Copper pollution in water can originate form copper pipes corrosion by soft, acidic water. The more calcium and magnesium ions that are dissolved in water, the harder it is said to be; water with few dissolved calcium and magnesium ions is described as being soft. The recommended daily intake is 10 mg. Iron is usually contained in low amount in drinking water. Many toxic minerals are contained in water supplies, usually at high levels. When drinking water has to be carried along long distances, the problem of a possible pollution occurs. This pollution can happen through the contact of water with porous surfaces or synthetic materials that are an ideal media for microorganisms. Possible increasing (lower than 200 mg/l) are not to be considered harmful, even if they make the water not nice to drink and give an unpleasant reddish colour. [4] Permitted is the removal of iron, manganese, sulfur and arsenic through decantation, filtration or treatment with ozone-enriched air, in so far as this treatment does not alter the composition of the water as regards to the essential constituents which give it its properties. That salt comes from mineral deposits that find their way to the ocean through the water cycle. The recommended daily intake by EEC is 40 picog. Which is the composition of the water we drink? Bacteria are carefully monitored in public water supplies, since they can be responsible of serious diseases as typhoid, cholera, hepatitis etc. Perhaps the most important substance dissolved in the ocean is salt. The problem in Italy is that many pipes contain lead and acidic soft water, with a low phosphate content. Health Risks from Consumption of Demineralised or Low-mineral Water .....150 III. Viruses are very abundant in water supplies as well. Nitrates and nitrites Nitrates are the main source of nitrogen for plants and an essential constituent for nucleic acids and amino acids. Water presents in nature contains, even if in traces, minerals very important for our health: salt and oligoelements dissolved during its way through the soil or its flowing in rocky streams. The salt consumption in industrialized countries is considered much higher than the recommended levels (about 3.9 g/day on average). [3] In many places, however, the term "mineral water" is colloquially used to mean any bottled carbonated water or soda water, as opposed to tap water. Different concentration is due to human operations (mauring, air pollution due to transport). Indoor plumbing became available to the developed world in the late 19th century and common in the mid- 20th century although it is still not found in many poor areas and countries. Aluminium (Al) Aluminium is very abundant on the earth, but is not important for human nutrition. Tap water, which may be hard or soft, is delivered via a complex system of pipes, pumps and purification systems to homes and buildings through individual taps. The problems resulting from excessive nitrate presence are due to the toxicity of nitrate for human body: nitrates are transformed in nitrites or in carcinogenic nitrosamines. Drinking calcium poor water is considered dangerous for the risk of coronary diseases. The salinity of water can be defined as the concentration of all cations, significantly Na +, K +, Mg ++ and Ca ++ and of the anions CO 3 = and SO 4 = and halides, all HCO 3-being converted to CO = 3.The average composition of freshwater given above is that of average river water. Water fluorination is prohibited in Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands and France; in Spain and Germany local authorities handle every decision and in Italy there is no specific law on this matter. Selenium (Se) Even if selenium is considered a toxic element taken is high dosage, it is an important anti-oxidant. Although it was noted that the mineral content of water may vary widely depending upon its source, the optimal composition remained undefined. Limestone and dolomite rocks produce calcium or calcium–magnesium–hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate) waters; salt deposits yield sodium chloride water; and the rocks lying over salt deposits yield calcium sulfate waters. Guidelines and directives for calcium, magnesium, and hardness levels in drinking ... Health, to address a number of questions relating to the nutrient composition of drinking water and the possibility that drinking water could in some circumstances … Sodium (Na) Sodium is an element very diffused on earth and in the biosphere, even if in nature it is almost never in its pure form, but mainly in form of salt (NaCl). Nevertheless the arsenic contained in food (amounts ranging from 0.01 to 1.5 mg/kg of dry weight) has a different influence: it carries out some positive metabolic function for our body. The ideal environment for the bacteria of legionella phneumofila is included between 37 and 45 C. Source: "Acqua buona, Acqua sana", Gudrun dalla Via, Ed. It naturally contains a range of minerals, including magnesium and calcium. The composition of mineral waters sourced from Europe and North America in respect to bone health: composition of mineral water optimal for bone Br J Nutr . Everyone knows that ocean water tastes salty. Il Punto d'incorntro, 2003, Health risks from drinking demineralised water, Distributieweg 3 2645 EG Delfgauw The Netherlands Phone: +31 152 610 900 fax: +31 152 616 289 e-mail: info@lenntech.com, 5975 Sunset Drive South Miami, FL 33143 USA Phone: +1 877 453 8095 e-mail: info@lenntech.com, Level 5 - OFFICE #8-One JLT Tower Jumeirah Lake Towers Dubai - U.A.E. Microbiological pollution Microorganisms include bacteria, virus and parasite. [1], The more calcium and magnesium ions that are dissolved in water, the harder it is said to be; water with few dissolved calcium and magnesium ions is described as being soft.[2]. 2009 Apr;101(8):1195-9. doi: 10.1017/S0007114508061515. Can we rely on drinking tap water or it is preferable to buy bottled water? The daily recommended intake is 150-500 mg. The third group of microorganisms commonly found in water are parasite, as giardia and cryptosporidium. Copper (Cu) Copper is an essential element for our health, but it is toxic at high concentration. Sodium, potassium, calcium, Its toxicity is strongly linked on the concentration. Mineral analysis of a few European mineral water brands; Red = high mineral content; blue = low mineral content. The term spa was used for a place where the water was consumed and bathed in; bath where the water was used primarily for bathing, therapeutics, or recreation; and well where the water was to be consumed. Plastic supply pipes have become increasingly common since about 1970, with a variety of materials … If you use a device for the reduction of the content of calcium and magnesium ions dissolved in water (softener), it is important that the calcium content never goes under 60 mg/l. If when you open the tap you smell the chlorine odour typical of swimming pools, it is recommended to pour the water in a large tank and to leave it open or semi-open for about half an hour. Nowadays there are more than 100.000 chemical organic compounds, which include synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, biocides, herbicides, paints, dyes, flavours and pharmaceutical substances. The calcium fluoride presents in nature is very different from the sodium-silica-fluoride (Na2SiF6) added in drinking water, an industrial waste that is toxic and difficult to digest. Phone: +971 4 429 5853 e-mail: info@lenntech.com, Copyright © 1998-2020 Lenntech B.V. All rights reserved, Plant Inspection & Process Optimalisation, Separation and Concentration Purification Request, health risks from drinking demineralized water. Chlorine is in fact very volatile and tend to still on the water surface. Selenium is useful to attack free radicals and then prevent aging. The USDA’s Nutrient Data Laboratory (NDL) conducted a study of the mineral content of residential tap water, to generate new current data for the USDA National Nutrient Database. Iron (Fe) Food rich in iron is very important, particularly for children and women in fertile age. Calcium ions are contained in almost all spring, drinking water. Arsenic (As) Arsenic can be toxic even in low amounts. Rain water, snow and ice are quite similar to distilled water. Thirty-seven brands of domestic and imported mineral waters were analyzed for the following: alkalinity, aluminum, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, calcium, chloride, chromium, cobalt, copper, fluoride, iron, lead, lithium, magnesium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, nitrate, pH, phosphate, potassium, silver, sodium, specific conductance, sulfate, tin, vanadium, and zinc. to eat only integral sea salt, more equilibrate and rich in mineral salts at home, and to avoid precooked food, always rich in refined salt. There is no evidence that the aluminium assumed through water is more soluble and then more easily digestible, than the aluminium contained in food. The WHO recommend a daily intake of 0.3 mg/day for a 60 kg person. The WHO recommend a maximum of 0.3 mg/l the EEC of 0.2 mg/l. It is essential in our body for teeth and bones formation, blood coagulation, right functioning of our nervous system. If you would like to have further information from health risks from drinking demineralized water, click here. To accelerate chlorine dispersion you can pour the water from a tank to another repetitively or mix very quickly. Travelling to the mineral water site for direct access to the water is now uncommon, and in many cases not possible because of exclusive commercial ownership rights. Major lead sources are paint, vehicle emissions, food and water. Today, it is far more common for mineral water to be bottled at the source for distributed consumption. A daily intake of 1.2 mg is recommended. Mineral water may usually be still or sparkling (carbonated/effervescent) according to the presence or absence of added gases. To an important extent, the chemical composition of mineral waters is determined by the composition of the rock it is abstracted from. Intake of 7-15 g of sodium which is much more toxic than water Demineralised or water. 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